{"id":3782,"date":"2025-11-03T19:38:54","date_gmt":"2025-11-03T17:38:54","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/?p=3782"},"modified":"2025-11-03T20:07:18","modified_gmt":"2025-11-03T18:07:18","slug":"%d0%b3%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%b2%d0%b0-9-%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%81%d1%82%d1%80%d0%be%d0%b9%d0%ba%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d0%b5%d0%b7%d0%be%d0%bf%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0-9-%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0413\u041b\u0410\u0412\u0410 9: \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b:<\/strong> \u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c MariaDB \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\".\/08-performance-tuning.md\">\u2190 \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/a> | <a href=\".\/00-INDEX.md\">\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u043a \u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/a> | <a href=\".\/10-replication-clustering.md\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u2192<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"rtoc-mokuji-wrapper\" class=\"rtoc-mokuji-content frame2 preset1 animation-fade rtoc_open default\" data-id=\"3782\" data-theme=\"Neve - Davidka\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rtoc-mokuji-title\" class=\"rtoc_btn_none rtoc_left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span>In Questo Articolo<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><ol class=\"rtoc-mokuji decimal_ol level-1\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-1\">1. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-2\">1.1 mariadb-secure-installation<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-3\">1.2 \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-4\">2. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-5\">2.1 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-6\">2.2 \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-7\">2.3 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-8\">3. SSL\/TLS \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-9\">3.1 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-10\">3.2 \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 SSL \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0435<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-11\">3.3 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 SSL<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-12\">3.4 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c SSL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-13\">4. Audit logging<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-14\">4.1 \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 Audit Plugin<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-15\">4.2 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Audit<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-16\">4.3 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 audit \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-17\">5. Firewall \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-18\">5.1 UFW \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-19\">5.2 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 bind-address<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-20\">6. Best practices<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-21\">6.1 \u0421\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-22\">6.2 \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-23\">\u0427\u0435\u043a-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-24\">\u2705 \u041e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-25\">\ud83d\udd12 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-26\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><h2 id=\"rtoc-1\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-2\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.1 mariadb-secure-installation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\"># \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438\nsudo mariadb-secure-installation<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0412\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">1. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f root\n2. \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 anonymous \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439\n3. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e root \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\n4. \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b\n5. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-3\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">1.2 \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">#!\/bin\/bash\n# secure_mariadb.sh\n\nmysql -u root &lt;&lt; EOF\n# \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c anonymous \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439\nDELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE User=&#039;&#039;;\n\n# \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c remote root\nDELETE FROM mysql.user WHERE User=&#039;root&#039; AND Host NOT IN (&#039;localhost&#039;, &#039;127.0.0.1&#039;, &#039;::1&#039;);\n\n# \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c test \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443\nDROP DATABASE IF EXISTS test;\nDELETE FROM mysql.db WHERE Db=&#039;test&#039; OR Db=&#039;test\\\\_%&#039;;\n\n# \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;\nEOF\n\necho &quot;\u2705 MariaDB secured&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-4\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-5\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.1 \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">-- \u274c \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\nGRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO &#039;user&#039;@&#039;%&#039;;\n\n-- \u2705 \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e\nGRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON app_db.* TO &#039;app_user&#039;@&#039;192.168.1.%&#039;;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-6\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.2 \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">-- \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\nCREATE USER &#039;app_user&#039;@&#039;192.168.1.%&#039; IDENTIFIED BY &#039;AppPass123!&#039;;\nGRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE ON app_db.* TO &#039;app_user&#039;@&#039;192.168.1.%&#039;;\n\n-- Read-only \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432\nCREATE USER &#039;reports&#039;@&#039;10.0.0.%&#039; IDENTIFIED BY &#039;ReportsPass123!&#039;;\nGRANT SELECT ON app_db.* TO &#039;reports&#039;@&#039;10.0.0.%&#039;;\n\n-- Backup\nCREATE USER &#039;backup&#039;@&#039;localhost&#039; IDENTIFIED BY &#039;BackupPass123!&#039;;\nGRANT SELECT, RELOAD, LOCK TABLES, REPLICATION CLIENT ON *.* TO &#039;backup&#039;@&#039;localhost&#039;;\n\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-7\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">2.3 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">-- \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b\nALTER USER &#039;app_user&#039;@&#039;192.168.1.%&#039; \n    WITH MAX_USER_CONNECTIONS 50\n         MAX_QUERIES_PER_HOUR 10000\n         MAX_UPDATES_PER_HOUR 5000;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-8\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. SSL\/TLS \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-9\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.1 \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">#!\/bin\/bash\n# generate_ssl_certs.sh\n\nCERT_DIR=&quot;\/etc\/mysql\/certs&quot;\nsudo mkdir -p &quot;$CERT_DIR&quot;\n\n# CA \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\nsudo openssl genrsa 2048 &gt; &quot;$CERT_DIR\/ca-key.pem&quot;\nsudo openssl req -new -x509 -nodes -days 3650 \\\n    -key &quot;$CERT_DIR\/ca-key.pem&quot; \\\n    -out &quot;$CERT_DIR\/ca.pem&quot; \\\n    -subj &quot;\/C=US\/ST=State\/L=City\/O=Company\/CN=MariaDB-CA&quot;\n\n# \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\nsudo openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3650 -nodes \\\n    -keyout &quot;$CERT_DIR\/server-key.pem&quot; \\\n    -out &quot;$CERT_DIR\/server-req.pem&quot; \\\n    -subj &quot;\/C=US\/ST=State\/L=City\/O=Company\/CN=mariadb-server&quot;\n\nsudo openssl rsa -in &quot;$CERT_DIR\/server-key.pem&quot; \\\n    -out &quot;$CERT_DIR\/server-key.pem&quot;\n\nsudo openssl x509 -req -in &quot;$CERT_DIR\/server-req.pem&quot; \\\n    -days 3650 -CA &quot;$CERT_DIR\/ca.pem&quot; \\\n    -CAkey &quot;$CERT_DIR\/ca-key.pem&quot; -set_serial 01 \\\n    -out &quot;$CERT_DIR\/server-cert.pem&quot;\n\n# \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\nsudo openssl req -newkey rsa:2048 -days 3650 -nodes \\\n    -keyout &quot;$CERT_DIR\/client-key.pem&quot; \\\n    -out &quot;$CERT_DIR\/client-req.pem&quot; \\\n    -subj &quot;\/C=US\/ST=State\/L=City\/O=Company\/CN=mariadb-client&quot;\n\nsudo openssl rsa -in &quot;$CERT_DIR\/client-key.pem&quot; \\\n    -out &quot;$CERT_DIR\/client-key.pem&quot;\n\nsudo openssl x509 -req -in &quot;$CERT_DIR\/client-req.pem&quot; \\\n    -days 3650 -CA &quot;$CERT_DIR\/ca.pem&quot; \\\n    -CAkey &quot;$CERT_DIR\/ca-key.pem&quot; -set_serial 02 \\\n    -out &quot;$CERT_DIR\/client-cert.pem&quot;\n\n# \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\nsudo chown -R mysql:mysql &quot;$CERT_DIR&quot;\nsudo chmod 600 &quot;$CERT_DIR&quot;\/*.pem\n\necho &quot;\u2705 SSL certificates generated&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-10\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.2 \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 SSL \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0435<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">&#091;mysqld]\n# SSL Configuration\nssl-ca   = \/etc\/mysql\/certs\/ca.pem\nssl-cert = \/etc\/mysql\/certs\/server-cert.pem\nssl-key  = \/etc\/mysql\/certs\/server-key.pem\n\n# \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c SSL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 (\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e)\nrequire_secure_transport = ON<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-11\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.3 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 SSL<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\"># \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c MariaDB\nsudo systemctl restart mariadb\n\n# \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c SSL\nmariadb -u root -p -e &quot;SHOW VARIABLES LIKE &#039;%ssl%&#039;;&quot;\n\n# \u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 SSL\nmariadb -u root -p \\\n    --ssl-ca=\/etc\/mysql\/certs\/ca.pem \\\n    --ssl-cert=\/etc\/mysql\/certs\/client-cert.pem \\\n    --ssl-key=\/etc\/mysql\/certs\/client-key.pem \\\n    -e &quot;STATUS&quot; | grep SSL<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-12\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">3.4 \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c SSL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">-- \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c SSL\nALTER USER &#039;app_user&#039;@&#039;%&#039; REQUIRE SSL;\n\n-- \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\nALTER USER &#039;admin&#039;@&#039;%&#039; REQUIRE \n    SUBJECT &#039;\/C=US\/ST=State\/O=Company\/CN=admin&#039;\n    AND ISSUER &#039;\/C=US\/ST=State\/O=Company\/CN=MariaDB-CA&#039;;\n\nFLUSH PRIVILEGES;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-13\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. Audit logging<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-14\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.1 \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 Audit Plugin<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\"># \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\nsudo apt install mariadb-plugin-audit -y\n\n# \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\nmariadb -u root -p -e &quot;INSTALL SONAME &#039;server_audit&#039;;&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-15\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.2 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Audit<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\"># \/etc\/mysql\/mariadb.conf.d\/50-server.cnf<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<p>[mysqld]<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"># Server Audit Plugin plugin-load-add = server_audit server_audit_logging = ON server_audit_events = CONNECT,QUERY_DDL,QUERY_DML server_audit_output_type = FILE server_audit_file_path = \/var\/log\/mysql\/audit.log server_audit_file_rotate_size = 1000000 server_audit_file_rotations = 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-16\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">4.3 \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 audit \u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\"># \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\nsudo tail -f \/var\/log\/mysql\/audit.log\n\n# \u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a failed logins\nsudo grep &quot;ACCESS DENIED&quot; \/var\/log\/mysql\/audit.log\n\n# \u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a DROP \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\nsudo grep &quot;DROP&quot; \/var\/log\/mysql\/audit.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-17\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. Firewall \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-18\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.1 UFW \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">#!\/bin\/bash\n# configure_firewall.sh\n\n# \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0\/24 to any port 3306 proto tcp\n\n# \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.100 to any port 3306 proto tcp\nsudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.101 to any port 3306 proto tcp\n\n# \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c\nsudo ufw status numbered<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-19\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">5.2 \u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 bind-address<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">&#091;mysqld]\n# \u0421\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435\nbind-address = 10.0.0.5\n\n# \u0418\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e localhost\nbind-address = 127.0.0.1<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-20\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. Best practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-21\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.1 \u0421\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">#!\/bin\/bash\n# security_audit.sh\n\necho &quot;=== MariaDB Security Audit ===&quot;\n\n# \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f\necho -e &quot;\\n1. Users without password:&quot;\nmariadb -u root -p -e &quot;\nSELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user \nWHERE authentication_string = &#039;&#039;;&quot;\n\n# \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441 &#039;%&#039; host\necho -e &quot;\\n2. Users with &#039;%&#039; host:&quot;\nmariadb -u root -p -e &quot;\nSELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user \nWHERE Host = &#039;%&#039;;&quot;\n\n# \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u044b\necho -e &quot;\\n3. Users with old password plugins:&quot;\nmariadb -u root -p -e &quot;\nSELECT User, Host, plugin FROM mysql.user \nWHERE plugin = &#039;mysql_old_password&#039;;&quot;\n\n# SSL \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\necho -e &quot;\\n4. SSL Status:&quot;\nmariadb -u root -p -e &quot;SHOW VARIABLES LIKE &#039;%ssl%&#039;;&quot;\n\necho -e &quot;\\n=== Audit Complete ===&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-22\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">6.2 \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\"># \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 cron \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\n0 2 * * * \/usr\/local\/bin\/security_audit.sh &gt; \/var\/log\/mariadb_security_audit.log<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-23\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0427\u0435\u043a-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-24\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u2705 \u041e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[ ] mariadb-secure-installation \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] Root \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] Anonymous \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] Test \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] SSL\/TLS \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] Audit logging \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] Firewall \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0439<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 security audit \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-25\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udd12 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[ ] \u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] \u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 Host=&#8217;%&#8217;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] SSL \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] Audit \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] Firewall \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-26\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><a href=\".\/10-replication-clustering.md\">\u2192 \u0413\u041b\u0410\u0412\u0410 10: \u0420\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Master-Slave 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