{"id":3308,"date":"2025-09-22T04:40:53","date_gmt":"2025-09-22T02:40:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/davidka.net\/ru\/?p=3308"},"modified":"2025-09-22T08:38:26","modified_gmt":"2025-09-22T06:38:26","slug":"%d1%87%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%be%d0%b2%d0%b8%d0%ba","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA\/","title":{"rendered":"\ud83d\udda7 \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0433\u0438\u0434 \u043f\u043e DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u043c: \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e DNSSEC \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438."},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-neve-link-color-color has-text-color has-link-color has-medium-font-size wp-elements-ae4b5d72c23a3c55709978d3732b77df wp-block-paragraph\">DNS (Domain Name System) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e &#171;\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430&#187;, \u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">google.com<\/code>) \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b. \u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 DNS \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0433\u0438\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b DNS: \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 DNSSEC \u0438 DANE. \u041c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043a-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u043d-\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"rtoc-mokuji-wrapper\" class=\"rtoc-mokuji-content frame2 preset1 animation-fade rtoc_open default\" data-id=\"3308\" data-theme=\"Neve - Davidka\">\n\t\t\t<div id=\"rtoc-mokuji-title\" class=\"rtoc_btn_none rtoc_left\">\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t<span>In Questo Articolo<\/span>\n\t\t\t<\/div><ol class=\"rtoc-mokuji decimal_ol level-1\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-1\">1. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-2\">2. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-3\">A \u2014 Address Record (IPv4)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-4\">AAAA \u2014 IPv6 Address Record<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-5\">CNAME \u2014 Canonical Name Record<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-6\">MX \u2014 Mail Exchange Record<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-7\">TXT \u2014 Text Record<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-8\">NS \u2014 Name Server Record<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-9\">SOA \u2014 Start of Authority Record<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-10\">PTR \u2014 Pointer Record (Reverse DNS)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-11\">SRV \u2014 Service Record<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-12\">CAA \u2014 Certification Authority Authorization<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-13\">NAPTR \u2014 Naming Authority Pointer Record<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-14\">TLSA \u2014 TLSA Certificate Association Record (DANE)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-15\">\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 DNSSEC (DNSKEY, DS, RRSIG, NSEC, NSEC3)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-16\">SSHFP \u2014 SSH Public Key Fingerprint<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-17\">\u0420\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-18\">3. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-19\">4. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 (BIND style)<\/a><ul class=\"rtoc-mokuji mokuji_ul level-2\"><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-20\">a) \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-21\">b) \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 + \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-22\">c) \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 + CDN + \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 + DNSSEC (\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440)<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-23\">5. \u041f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (PTR, SPF, DKIM, DMARC)<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-24\">6. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 DNS<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-25\">7. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 best practices<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-26\">8. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-27\">9. \u0427\u0435\u043a-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u043d-\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-28\">10. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-29\">11. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/li><li class=\"rtoc-item\"><a href=\"#rtoc-30\">12. \u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 JSON \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><h2 id=\"rtoc-1\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432 DNS. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443\u044e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DNS (Domain Name System)<\/strong>: \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d. \u0413\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0414\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f (Domain Name)<\/strong>: \u0427\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com<\/code>. \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name)<\/strong>: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0438 DNS. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c DNS (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">www.example.com.<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0417\u043e\u043d\u0430 (Zone)<\/strong>: \u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 DNS. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432). \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0417\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b (Zone File)<\/strong>: \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 BIND.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c (Record \/ Resource Record, RR)<\/strong>: \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 DNS. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 TTL.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 (Record Type)<\/strong>: \u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">MX<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TXT<\/code>). \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, 1 \u0434\u043b\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>, 15 \u0434\u043b\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">MX<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TTL (Time To Live)<\/strong>: \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445. \u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0435\u0440 (Resolver)<\/strong>: DNS-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430) \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c (\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 (Authoritative Server)<\/strong>: DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 (Recursive Server)<\/strong>: \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 (Root Server)<\/strong>: \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 13 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">a.root-servers.net.<\/code> \u0434\u043e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">m.root-servers.net.<\/code>), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f (TLD).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TLD (Top-Level Domain)<\/strong>: \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">.com<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">.org<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">.ru<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">.io<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 (Registrar)<\/strong>: \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 (\u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 NS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d) \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">.com<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442 (Registrant)<\/strong>: \u0412\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Delegation)<\/strong>: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c) \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NS<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Glue Record (\u041a\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c)<\/strong>: <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0447\u044c\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f <em>\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438<\/em> \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u041d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SOA (Start of Authority)<\/strong>: \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 (Serial Number)<\/strong>: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">SOA<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Forward Resolution)<\/strong>: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com<\/code> \u2192 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">192.0.2.1<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Reverse Resolution)<\/strong>: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">192.0.2.1<\/code> \u2192 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com<\/code>). \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">in-addr.arpa<\/code> (\u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4) \u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ip6.arpa<\/code> (\u0434\u043b\u044f IPv6).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u0435\u0448 (Cache)<\/strong>: \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435 DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Caching)<\/strong>: \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0435.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Negative Caching)<\/strong>: \u041a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RFC (Request for Comments)<\/strong>: \u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0435. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0441\u043f\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b DNS \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438 RFC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>BIND (Berkeley Internet Name Domain)<\/strong>: \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0434\u0435-\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>MTA (Mail Transfer Agent)<\/strong>: \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Postfix, Exim, Sendmail).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FCrDNS (Forward-Confirmed Reverse DNS)<\/strong>: \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">PTR<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DNSSEC (Domain Name System Security Extensions)<\/strong>: \u041d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DANE (DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities)<\/strong>: \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c TLS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043a DNS-\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TLSA<\/code>. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f DNSSEC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CAA (Certification Authority Authorization)<\/strong>: \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (CA) \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SPF (Sender Policy Framework)<\/strong>: \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail)<\/strong>: \u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 DNS.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting &#038; Conformance)<\/strong>: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 SPF \u0438\u043b\u0438 DKIM, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ALIAS \/ ANAME<\/strong>: \u041d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 DNS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (apex), \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CNAME Flattening<\/strong>: \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 DNS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code> \u043d\u0430 apex-\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code> \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443, \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f RFC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-2\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 BIND-style zone-file. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com.<\/code>), \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name). TTL (Time To Live) \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-3\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">A \u2014 Address Record (IPv4)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0441 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c IPv4-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN A IPv4-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN A 192.0.2.1 www.example.com. 3600 IN A 192.0.2.1<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, API, \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e IPv4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com A<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (apex, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">@<\/code>) \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>TTL \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u2014 3600 (1 \u0447\u0430\u0441) \u0438\u043b\u0438 86400 (1 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c). \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u2014 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e 300 (5 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-4\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">AAAA \u2014 IPv6 Address Record<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f 128-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 IPv6-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN AAAA IPv6-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN AAAA 2001:db8::1<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 IPv6.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com AAAA<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-5\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">CNAME \u2014 Canonical Name Record<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c (\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0441) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a CNAME \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 (\u043a\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443) \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN CNAME \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">www.example.com. 3600 IN CNAME example.com. blog.example.com. 3600 IN CNAME blog-hosting.example.net.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439:<\/strong> \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code> \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">MX<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TXT<\/code> \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.). \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 RFC.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Apex-\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d:<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 RFC \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com.<\/code>), \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NS<\/code> \u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">SOA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u044b DNS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b (Cloudflare, AWS Route 53) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ALIAS<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ANAME<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0441 \u0432 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 CDN (\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u043c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">www<\/code> CNAME \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 CDN), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 SaaS-\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c (\u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short www.example.com CNAME<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-6\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">MX \u2014 Mail Exchange Record<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442: \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN MX \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439_\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN MX 10 mail1.example.com. example.com. 3600 IN MX 20 mail2.example.com.<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mail1.example.com.<\/code>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d, MTA (Mail Transfer Agent) \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mail2.example.com.<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mail1.example.com.<\/code>) <strong>\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d<\/strong> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0414\u043b\u044f IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 <strong>\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/strong> \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">PTR<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">MX<\/code>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com MX<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-7\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">TXT \u2014 Text Record<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0428\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c (Google, Microsoft, Yandex) \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN TXT &quot;\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SPF (Sender Policy Framework):<\/strong> \u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN TXT &quot;v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.0\/24 include:_spf.google.com ~all&quot;<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ip4:192.0.2.0\/24<\/code> \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">include:_spf.google.com<\/code> \u2014 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b Google (\u0434\u043b\u044f Gmail).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">~all<\/code> \u2014 &#171;\u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0439&#187; \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 (softfail). <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">-all<\/code> \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 (fail).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail):<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043c. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440._domainkey.\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d<\/code>. <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">default._domainkey.example.com. 3600 IN TXT &quot;v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQ...&quot;<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">v=DKIM1<\/code> \u2014 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">k=rsa<\/code> \u2014 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">p=...<\/code> \u2014 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 base64.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting &#038; Conformance):<\/strong> \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 SPF \u0438\u043b\u0438 DKIM, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">_dmarc.example.com. 3600 IN TXT &quot;v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; ruf=mailto:forensics@example.com; pct=100&quot;<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">p=reject<\/code> \u2014 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">rua=mailto:...<\/code> \u2014 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ruf=mailto:...<\/code> \u2014 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0445 (forensic).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">pct=100<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e 100% \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN TXT &quot;google-site-verification=abc123...&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 255 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0438. DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0438\u0442.<br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. IN TXT (&quot;v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; &quot; &quot;pct=100; fo=1&quot;)<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com TXT<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-8\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">NS \u2014 Name Server Record<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u2014 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN NS \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440_\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN NS ns1.example.net. example.com. 3600 IN NS ns2.example.net.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NS<\/code> \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b <strong>\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Glue Records:<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ns1.example.com.<\/code>) \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f <em>\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438<\/em> \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com.<\/code>), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c &#171;\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435&#187; (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">glue<\/code>) \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u2014 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com NS<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-9\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">SOA \u2014 Start of Authority Record<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c DNS-\u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN SOA \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439_\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440. email_\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. ( \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439_\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 ; Serial \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b_\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f ; Refresh \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b_\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 ; Retry \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a_\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 ; Expire \u043c\u0438\u043d_TTL ) ; Minimum TTL<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN SOA ns1.example.net. admin.example.com. ( 2025092201 ; Serial (YYYYMMDDNN) 7200 ; Refresh (2 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430) 3600 ; Retry (1 \u0447\u0430\u0441) 1209600 ; Expire (14 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439) 86400 ) ; Minimum TTL (1 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c)<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Serial<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. <strong>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/strong> \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e <strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/strong> \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Serial<\/code> \u0441 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Serial<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442: <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">YYYYMMDDNN<\/code> (\u0433\u043e\u0434, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446, \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Refresh<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b (\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445), \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Retry<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Expire<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f (\u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445), \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u0417\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f &#171;\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0439&#187;.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Minimum TTL<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 TTL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a TTL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 &#171;\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430&#187;).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com SOA<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-10\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">PTR \u2014 Pointer Record (Reverse DNS)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u043c IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 (ISP, \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440), \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv4:<\/strong> IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435, \u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">.in-addr.arpa.<\/code>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IP <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">192.0.2.5<\/code> \u2192 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">5.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa.<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f IPv6:<\/strong> \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f 4-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c (nibble) \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435, \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">.ip6.arpa.<\/code>.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>IPv6 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">2001:db8::1<\/code> \u2192 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">1.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.0.8.b.d.0.1.0.0.2.ip6.arpa.<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 (IPv4):<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">5.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa. 3600 IN PTR mail.example.com.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b PTR-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">HELO<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">EHLO<\/code>. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u2014 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig -x 192.0.2.5 +short<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">host 192.0.2.5<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-11\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">SRV \u2014 Service Record<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438:<\/strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">_\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441._\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b.\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d.<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441: <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">sip<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">xmpp-server<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">_minecraft<\/code> \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b: <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">tcp<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">udp<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN SRV \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">_sip._tcp.example.com. 3600 IN SRV 10 60 5060 sipserver.example.com. _minecraft._tcp.example.com. 3600 IN SRV 5 0 25565 mc1.example.com.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Priority<\/code> (\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442):<\/strong> \u0427\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Weight<\/code> (\u0412\u0435\u0441):<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 <em>\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/em>. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0443. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Port<\/code> (\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442):<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Target<\/code> (\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c):<\/strong> FQDN \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 <strong>\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d<\/strong> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> VoIP (SIP), \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (XMPP), \u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b (Minecraft), \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 (LDAP).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short _sip._tcp.example.com SRV<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-12\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">CAA \u2014 Certification Authority Authorization<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (CA) \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c SSL\/TLS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN CAA \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0433 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN CAA 0 issue &quot;letsencrypt.org&quot; example.com. 3600 IN CAA 0 iodef &quot;mailto:security@example.com&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0424\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438<\/code>:<\/strong> \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">0<\/code>. \u0424\u043b\u0430\u0433 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">128<\/code> (critical) \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e CA, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0433, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0422\u0435\u0433\u0438<\/code>:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">issue<\/code>: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 CA \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b. \u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">;<\/code>) \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">issuewild<\/code>: \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a wildcard-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">*.example.com<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">iodef<\/code>: URL (\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mailto:<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">http(s):<\/code>) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 CAA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com CAA<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-13\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">NAPTR \u2014 Naming Authority Pointer Record<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (rewriting) \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438 URI. \u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 (ENUM \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 SIP URI) \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN NAPTR \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435_\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 (\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f ENUM):<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">4.3.2.1.5.5.5.1.e164.arpa. IN NAPTR 100 10 &quot;U&quot; &quot;E2U+sip&quot; &quot;!^.*$!sip:info@example.com!&quot; .<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Order<\/code> (\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a):<\/strong> \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Preference<\/code> (\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435):<\/strong> \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">weight<\/code> \u0432 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">SRV<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">order<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Flags<\/code>:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">U<\/code> \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u2014 URI (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">sip:<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Service<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0422\u0438\u043f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">E2U+sip<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 SIP URI).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Regexp<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Replacement<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0410\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e (\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">regexp<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 VoIP, ENUM.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-14\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">TLSA \u2014 TLSA Certificate Association Record (DANE)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 TLS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c) \u043a DNS-\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 DNS. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 DANE (DNS-based Authentication of Named Entities). <strong>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f DNSSEC<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">_\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442._\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b.\u0438\u043c\u044f.<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN TLSA \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0442\u0438\u043f_\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">_443._tcp.www.example.com. 3600 IN TLSA 3 1 1 d2abde...f21<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Usage<\/code> (\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">3<\/code> (DANE-EE): \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 (end entity). \u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">1<\/code> (PKIX-EE): \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c CA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">2<\/code> (DANE-TA): \u0414\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 (trusted) \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">0<\/code> (PKIX-TA): \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 CA, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Selector<\/code> (\u0421\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">0<\/code>: \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">1<\/code>: \u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Matching Type<\/code> (\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">0<\/code>: \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">1<\/code>: SHA-256 \u0445\u0435\u0448.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">2<\/code>: SHA-512 \u0445\u0435\u0448.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Data<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0425\u0435\u0448 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0432 hex-\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 TLS, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c CA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short _443._tcp.www.example.com. TLSA<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-15\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 DNSSEC (DNSKEY, DS, RRSIG, NSEC, NSEC3)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">DNSSEC (DNS Security Extensions) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 (\u0441\u043f\u0443\u0444\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430) \u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a &#171;\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430&#187;.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f:<\/strong> \u0417\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DNSKEY<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0445\u0435\u0448 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DS<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c) \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 <em>\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/em> \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com<\/code> \u2014 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">.com<\/code>). \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 DNSSEC, \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">RRSIG<\/code>) \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447, \u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DNSKEY<\/code>:<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN DNSKEY 257 3 13 AwEAAa3d...9QAB<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">257<\/code> \u2014 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 (257 = KSK, 256 = ZSK).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">3<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b (\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 3).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">13<\/code> \u2014 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c (13 = ECDSA\/SHA256).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u2014 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0432 base64.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DS<\/code> (Delegation Signer):<\/strong> \u0425\u0435\u0448 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DNSKEY<\/code>) \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 <em>\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/em> \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN DS 54517 13 2 84C8...D34F<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">54517<\/code> \u2014 Key Tag (\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">13<\/code> \u2014 \u0410\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">2<\/code> \u2014 \u0422\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 (SHA-256).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u2014 \u0445\u0435\u0448 \u0432 hex.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">RRSIG<\/code> (Resource Record Signature):<\/strong> \u0426\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438):<\/strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN RRSIG A 13 2 3600 20251001000000 20250901000000 54517 example.com. oNvL...7Q==<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code> \u2014 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">13<\/code> \u2014 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">2<\/code> \u2014 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">3600<\/code> \u2014 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 TTL.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">20251001000000<\/code> \u2014 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">20250901000000<\/code> \u2014 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">54517<\/code> \u2014 Key Tag \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com.<\/code> \u2014 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 base64.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NSEC<\/code> \/ <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NSEC3<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442). <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NSEC3<\/code> \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 &#171;\u0432\u044b\u0433\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b&#187; (zone walking).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 DNSSEC:<\/strong> \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441:\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 (KSK \u0438 ZSK) \u043d\u0430 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DNSKEY<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DS<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0438\u0437 KSK.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DS<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 (\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">RRSIG<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NSEC<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NSEC3<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +dnssec<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Verisign DNSSEC Debugger).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +dnssec example.com A<\/code> (\u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">RRSIG<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 DNSSEC \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com DNSKEY<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com DS<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-16\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">SSHFP \u2014 SSH Public Key Fingerprint<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0435\u0448 (\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a) SSH-\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 DNS. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b SSH \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 &#171;\u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435&#187; (MITM). <strong>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 DNSSEC<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0438\u043c\u044f TTL IN SSHFP \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f_\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN SSHFP 4 2 356a192b7913b04c54574d18c28d46e6395428ab<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0410\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c<\/code>:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">1<\/code> \u2014 RSA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">2<\/code> \u2014 DSA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">3<\/code> \u2014 ECDSA<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">4<\/code> \u2014 ED25519<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0422\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/code>:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">1<\/code> \u2014 SHA-1<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">2<\/code> \u2014 SHA-256<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a<\/code>:<\/strong> \u0425\u0435\u0448 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0432 hex-\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439: <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ssh-keygen -r example.com<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com SSHFP<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-17\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0420\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">HINFO<\/code> (Host Information):<\/strong> \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430. <strong>\u041d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/strong>, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">server1.example.com. 3600 IN HINFO &quot;Intel Xeon&quot; &quot;Ubuntu 22.04&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">LOC<\/code> (Location):<\/strong> \u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b (\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u0442\u0430) \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN LOC 55 45 21.000 N 37 37 03.000 E 15m<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">RP<\/code> (Responsible Person):<\/strong> \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0443. Email \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 hostname (\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">@<\/code>).\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN RP admin.example.com. txt-record.example.com.<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">SPF<\/code> (\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f):<\/strong> \u0420\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TXT<\/code>. \u041d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 (\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c):<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. IN SPF &quot;v=spf1 ...&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-18\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 TTL:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> 3600 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434 (1 \u0447\u0430\u0441) \u2014 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e (\u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435) \u0438 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439:<\/strong> \u0417\u0430 24-72 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430) \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 TTL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e 300 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434 (5 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442). \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/strong> \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 TTL \u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, 3600 \u0438\u043b\u0438 86400) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SOA Serial:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435<\/strong> \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 <strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/strong> \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">YYYYMMDDNN<\/code> (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">2024051701<\/code>). \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CNAME \u043d\u0430 Apex (\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435):<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430:<\/strong> \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 RFC \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code> \u043d\u0430 apex-\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com.<\/code>), \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u043c\u0438 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NS<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">SOA<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c DNS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ALIAS<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ANAME<\/code>:<\/strong> \u041d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 apex.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CNAME Flattening:<\/strong> \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 Cloudflare), \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code> \u043d\u0430 apex \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 &#171;\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f&#187; \u2014 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Glue Records:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b:<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ns1.example.com.<\/code>) \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com.<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c:<\/strong> \u0423 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 glue-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code> (\u0438\/\u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code>) \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 PTR \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">PTR<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f (FQDN, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mail.example.com.<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/strong> \u0418\u043c\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">HELO<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">EHLO<\/code>, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">PTR<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f &#171;Forward-Confirmed Reverse DNS&#187; (FCrDNS) \u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c:<\/strong> \u0423 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 DNS-\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 TXT-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439:<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TXT<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 255 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u0438 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. IN TXT ( &quot;v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com,mailto:dmarc@thirdparty.com; &quot; &quot;ruf=mailto:forensics@example.com; fo=1; adkim=s; aspf=s; pct=100&quot; )<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-19\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">4. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0437\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 (BIND style)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432. \u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.net<\/code>, IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-20\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">a) \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">$TTL 3600\n@   IN SOA ns1.hosting.net. hostmaster.example.com. (\n        2025092201 ; serial (YYYYMMDDNN)\n        7200       ; refresh (2 hours)\n        3600       ; retry (1 hour)\n        1209600    ; expire (14 days)\n        86400 )    ; minimum TTL (1 day)\n\n; Authoritative Name Servers\n@       IN NS   ns1.hosting.net.\n@       IN NS   ns2.hosting.net.\n\n; Web Server (IPv4 and IPv6)\n@       IN A    192.0.2.10\n@       IN AAAA 2001:db8::10\n\n; WWW subdomain (alias to apex)\nwww     IN CNAME @\n\n; Security: Restrict Certificate Authorities\n@       IN CAA  0 issue &quot;letsencrypt.org&quot;\n@       IN CAA  0 iodef &quot;mailto:security@example.com&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-21\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">b) \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 + \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">$TTL 3600\n@   IN SOA ns1.example.net. admin.example.com. (\n        2025092201 ; serial\n        7200       ; refresh\n        3600       ; retry\n        1209600    ; expire\n        86400 )    ; minimum\n\n; Name Servers\n@       IN NS   ns1.example.net.\n@       IN NS   ns2.example.net.\n\n; --- Web Section ---\n@       IN A    192.0.2.10\nwww     IN CNAME @\n\n; --- Mail Section ---\n; A record for the mail server\nmail    IN A    192.0.2.20\n\n; MX record pointing to the mail server\n@       IN MX   10 mail.example.com.\n\n; --- Email Authentication ---\n; SPF: Allow mail server IP and Google Workspace\n@       IN TXT  &quot;v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.20 include:_spf.google.com ~all&quot;\n\n; DKIM: Public key for &#039;default&#039; selector\ndefault._domainkey IN TXT &quot;v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQ...&quot;\n\n; DMARC: Policy to quarantine failures and send reports\n_dmarc  IN TXT  &quot;v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; pct=100&quot;\n\n; --- Security ---\n@       IN CAA  0 issue &quot;letsencrypt.org&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"rtoc-22\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">c) \u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 + CDN + \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 + DNSSEC (\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">$TTL 300 ; Lower TTL for flexibility with CDN\n@   IN SOA ns1.example.net. hostmaster.example.com. (\n        2025092201 ; serial\n        7200       ; refresh\n        3600       ; retry\n        1209600    ; expire\n        3600 )     ; minimum (also used for negative caching)\n\n; Name Servers\n@       IN NS   ns1.example.net.\n@       IN NS   ns2.example.net.\n\n; --- Web Section (with CDN) ---\n; Apex domain: Use ALIAS\/ANAME (provider-specific) to point to origin or CDN edge\n; If your provider supports ALIAS:\n; @     IN ALIAS origin.examplehost.net.\n; If using CNAME flattening for apex (e.g., Cloudflare):\n@       IN A    192.0.2.10 ; Temporary or fallback IP, often managed by provider\n\n; WWW subdomain: CNAME to CDN provider\nwww     IN CNAME cdn-provider.example.net.\n\n; --- Mail Section ---\nmail    IN A    192.0.2.20\n@       IN MX   10 mail.example.com.\n\n; --- Email Authentication ---\n@       IN TXT  &quot;v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:spf.protection.outlook.com -all&quot;\ndefault._domainkey IN TXT &quot;v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQ...&quot;\n_dmarc  IN TXT  &quot;v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; ruf=mailto:abuse@example.com; pct=100&quot;\n\n; --- Security ---\n@       IN CAA  0 issue &quot;letsencrypt.org&quot;\n@       IN CAA  0 issuewild &quot;letsencrypt.org&quot;\n@       IN CAA  0 iodef &quot;mailto:security@example.com&quot;\n\n; --- DNSSEC (Example keys - REPLACE WITH YOURS) ---\n; DNSKEY records (usually auto-generated by DNS server when signing is enabled)\n@       IN DNSKEY 257 3 13 ( ; KSK\n        AwEAAbOv...QAB )\n@       IN DNSKEY 256 3 13 ( ; ZSK\n        AwEAAa3d...9QAB )\n\n; RRSIG records are automatically generated by the DNS server during signing and are not manually added to the zone file.\n; NSEC\/NSEC3 records are also automatically generated.\n\n; --- Additional Services (Example) ---\n; SRV record for SIP service\n_sip._tcp IN SRV 10 50 5060 sip1.example.com.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-23\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">5. \u041f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (PTR, SPF, DKIM, DMARC)<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0428\u0430\u0433 1: \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 A\/AAAA \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/strong><br>\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code> (\u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">mail.example.com. 3600 IN A 192.0.2.20<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0428\u0430\u0433 2: \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 MX-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439<\/strong><br>\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com<\/code> \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mail.example.com.<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN MX 10 mail.example.com.<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0428\u0430\u0433 3: \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 PTR (\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e DNS)<\/strong><br>\u042d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433<\/strong>. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0443 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">192.0.2.20<\/code>) \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">PTR<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mail.example.com.<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig -x 192.0.2.20 +short<\/code> \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mail.example.com.<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0428\u0430\u0433 4: \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 SPF (\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 TXT)<\/strong><br>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com<\/code>. \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b (Gmail, SendGrid \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">example.com. 3600 IN TXT &quot;v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.20 include:_spf.google.com -all&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">~all<\/code> (softfail) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">-all<\/code> (hard fail).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0428\u0430\u0433 5: \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 DKIM<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0421\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439) \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 (MTA). \u0412\u044b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 &#171;\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440&#187; (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">default<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">202405<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 MTA \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0432 DNS \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TXT<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440._domainkey.example.com.<\/code>.<br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">default._domainkey.example.com. 3600 IN TXT &quot;v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQ...&quot;<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0428\u0430\u0433 6: \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 DMARC<\/strong><br>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 SPF\/DKIM, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">_dmarc.example.com. 3600 IN TXT &quot;v=DMARC1; p=none; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; ruf=mailto:forensics@example.com; pct=100&quot;<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">p=none<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0432 SPF\/DKIM.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">p=quarantine<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">p=reject<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">HELO<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">EHLO<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">PTR<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">mail.example.com.<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mail-tester.com\/\">mail-tester.com<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/mxtoolbox.com\/\">mxtoolbox.com<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/dmarcian.com\/\">dmarcian.com<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-24\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">6. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 DNS<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u2014 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig<\/code> (Domain Information Groper) \u2014 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com A<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e IPv4-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com AAAA<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e IPv6-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com MX<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c MX-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com TXT<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c TXT-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short www.example.com CNAME<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c CNAME.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short _sip._tcp.example.com SRV<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c SRV-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 DNS:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig -x 192.0.2.1 +short<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c PTR \u0434\u043b\u044f IP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0422\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +trace example.com<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u041e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig @ns1.example.net example.com SOA<\/code> \u2014 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c SOA-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 DNSSEC:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +dnssec example.com A<\/code> \u2014 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c DO (DNSSEC OK) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">RRSIG<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com DNSKEY<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c DNSKEY-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com DS<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c DS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c (\u0438\u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 TLSA (DANE):\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short _443._tcp.www.example.com. TLSA<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 SSHFP:\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com SSHFP<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nslookup<\/code> \u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nslookup -type=MX example.com<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nslookup -type=TXT example.com<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nslookup 192.0.2.1<\/code> (\u0434\u043b\u044f PTR)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">host<\/code> \u2014 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/strong>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">host -t A example.com<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">host -t MX example.com<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">host -t TXT example.com<\/code><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">host 192.0.2.1<\/code> (\u0434\u043b\u044f PTR)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">host -t sshfp example.com<\/code><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-25\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">7. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 best practices<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>DNSSEC:<\/strong> \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 DNSSEC \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 DNS-\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u0443 (\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DS<\/code> \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430). \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CAA:<\/strong> \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CAA<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0445 CA, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">letsencrypt.org<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438 DKIM:<\/strong> \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434) \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 DKIM. \u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0432 DNS, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 MTA \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c (\u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b) \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0443\u044e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TXT<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/strong> \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">HINFO<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u041f\u041e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>ANY-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b:<\/strong> \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 DNS-\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Google Public DNS, Cloudflare) \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ANY<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 DDoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0445. \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-26\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">8. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>CNAME \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u043c\u0438:<\/strong> \u041d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code> \u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">MX<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ALIAS<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ANAME<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f apex.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 PTR \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430:<\/strong> \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">PTR<\/code> \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 SOA Serial:<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">Serial<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 <em>\u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e<\/em> \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435. \u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 TXT-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439:<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 255 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TXT<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 DS \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 DNSSEC:<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DS<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DNSKEY<\/code>, \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 &#171;\u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439&#187;, \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c DNSSEC \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0422\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0414\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 TTL \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439:<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 TTL \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, 86400), \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043a. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 TTL \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c-\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CNAME \u043d\u0430 apex-\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435:<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com.<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 RFC \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ALIAS<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ANAME<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME flattening<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c DNS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-27\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">9. \u0427\u0435\u043a-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u043d-\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\/\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>[ ] <strong>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u0432\u0435\u0431, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430) \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">MX<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 DNS:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">PTR<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig -x<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>SPF:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TXT<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c SPF \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">-all<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">~all<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>DKIM:<\/strong> \u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 DNS, MTA \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>DMARC:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TXT<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c DMARC \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">p=none<\/code>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d:<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">NS<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">glue<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>SOA Serial:<\/strong> \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>CAA:<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CAA<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>TTL:<\/strong> TTL \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u0412\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +trace<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig MX<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig TXT<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, MXToolbox).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>DNSSEC (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d):<\/strong> <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">DS<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 DNSSEC \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>\u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430:<\/strong> \u0427\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u044f.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>[ ] <strong>\u041c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433:<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 DNS-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-28\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">10. \u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SRV \u2014 \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">_xmpp-client._tcp.example.com. 3600 IN SRV 5 20 5222 xmpp1.example.com. _xmpp-client._tcp.example.com. 3600 IN SRV 5 30 5222 xmpp2.example.com. _xmpp-client._tcp.example.com. 3600 IN SRV 10 100 5222 backup.example.com.<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">5<\/code> (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">xmpp1<\/code> \u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">xmpp2<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">xmpp1<\/code> \u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">xmpp2<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0443: <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">xmpp1<\/code> \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 40% \u0448\u0430\u043d\u0441 (20\/(20+30)), <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">xmpp2<\/code> \u2014 60% (30\/(20+30)).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">backup.example.com.<\/code> (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">10<\/code>) \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">5<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>TLSA \u2014 \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430:<\/strong><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">_443._tcp.www.example.com. IN TLSA 3 1 1 d2abde...f21<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">3<\/code> (DANE-EE): \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <em>\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442<\/em> \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447), \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044f CA.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">1<\/code> (Selector): \u0412 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0445\u0435\u0448 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e <strong>\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430<\/strong>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">TLSA<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">1<\/code> (Matching Type): \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0445\u0435\u0448 <strong>SHA-256<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>SSHFP \u2014 \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430:<\/strong><br><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com. IN SSHFP 4 2 356a192b7913b04c54574d18c28d46e6395428ab<\/code>\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">4<\/code>: \u0410\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u2014 <strong>ED25519<\/strong> (\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">2<\/code>: \u0422\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u2014 <strong>SHA-256<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">356a19...28ab<\/code>: SHA-256 \u0445\u0435\u0448 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 ED25519.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-29\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">11. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u043a CDN:<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e CDN-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">www<\/code>) \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.cdnprovider.com<\/code>).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c CDN \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">example.com<\/code>), \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ALIAS<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">ANAME<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CNAME flattening<\/code> \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e DNS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e CDN \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c SSL-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e CDN \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e SSL). \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0442 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">CAA<\/code>-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 (\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f):<\/strong>\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430 48-72 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/strong> \u0423\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 TTL \u0434\u043b\u044f <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e 300 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435:<\/strong> \u0414\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 TTL &#171;\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f&#187; (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 TTL, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, 3600 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u0412 \u0434\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/strong> \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">A<\/code>\/<code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">AAAA<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig +short example.com A<\/code> \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 DNS (Google <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">8.8.8.8<\/code>, Cloudflare <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">1.1.1.1<\/code>) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 24-48 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432):<\/strong> \u0423\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u044c\u0442\u0435 TTL \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, 3600).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"rtoc-30\"  class=\"wp-block-heading\">12. \u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 JSON \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 JSON-\u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 API \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e DNS-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 (Cloudflare, AWS Route 53, DigitalOcean \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">{\n  &quot;zone&quot;: &quot;example.com&quot;,\n  &quot;records&quot;: &#091;\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;192.0.2.10&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;AAAA&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;2001:db8::10&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;CNAME&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;www&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;MX&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;mail.example.com.&quot;,\n      &quot;priority&quot;: 10,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;MX&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;backup-mail.example.com.&quot;,\n      &quot;priority&quot;: 20,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;TXT&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.20 include:_spf.google.com -all&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;TXT&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;default._domainkey&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQA...&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;TXT&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;_dmarc&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;v=DMARC1; p=reject; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; pct=100&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;NS&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;ns1.example.net.&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;NS&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;ns2.example.net.&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;SOA&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;primary_ns&quot;: &quot;ns1.example.net.&quot;,\n      &quot;admin_email&quot;: &quot;admin.example.com.&quot;,\n      &quot;serial&quot;: 2025092201,\n      &quot;refresh&quot;: 7200,\n      &quot;retry&quot;: 3600,\n      &quot;expire&quot;: 1209600,\n      &quot;minimum&quot;: 86400,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;PTR&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;20.2.0.192.in-addr.arpa.&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;mail.example.com.&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;SRV&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;_sip._tcp&quot;,\n      &quot;target&quot;: &quot;sipserver.example.com.&quot;,\n      &quot;port&quot;: 5060,\n      &quot;priority&quot;: 10,\n      &quot;weight&quot;: 60,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;CAA&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;letsencrypt.org&quot;,\n      &quot;flags&quot;: 0,\n      &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;issue&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;CAA&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;mailto:security@example.com&quot;,\n      &quot;flags&quot;: 0,\n      &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;iodef&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;TLSA&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;_443._tcp.www&quot;,\n      &quot;usage&quot;: 3,\n      &quot;selector&quot;: 1,\n      &quot;matching_type&quot;: 1,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;d2abde240d7cd3ee6b4b28c54df034b97983a1d16e8a410e4561cb106618e971&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;SSHFP&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;algorithm&quot;: 4,\n      &quot;digest_type&quot;: 2,\n      &quot;value&quot;: &quot;356a192b7913b04c54574d18c28d46e6395428ab&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;HINFO&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;server1&quot;,\n      &quot;cpu&quot;: &quot;Intel Xeon&quot;,\n      &quot;os&quot;: &quot;Ubuntu 22.04 LTS&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;LOC&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;latitude&quot;: &quot;55.7558 N&quot;,\n      &quot;longitude&quot;: &quot;37.6176 E&quot;,\n      &quot;altitude&quot;: 150,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;RP&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;mbox&quot;: &quot;admin.example.com.&quot;,\n      &quot;txt&quot;: &quot;Technical Support&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;NAPTR&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;4.3.2.1.5.5.5.1.e164.arpa.&quot;,\n      &quot;order&quot;: 100,\n      &quot;preference&quot;: 10,\n      &quot;flags&quot;: &quot;U&quot;,\n      &quot;service&quot;: &quot;E2U+sip&quot;,\n      &quot;regexp&quot;: &quot;!^.*$!sip:info@example.com!&quot;,\n      &quot;replacement&quot;: &quot;.&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;DS&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;key_tag&quot;: 54517,\n      &quot;algorithm&quot;: 13,\n      &quot;digest_type&quot;: 2,\n      &quot;digest&quot;: &quot;84C84478D00A57973FC5D3E32F7E2BF539FB697D2660874C6D33A3313872D34F&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;DNSKEY&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;flags&quot;: 257,\n      &quot;protocol&quot;: 3,\n      &quot;algorithm&quot;: 13,\n      &quot;public_key&quot;: &quot;AwEAAbOv...QAB&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;DNSKEY&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;flags&quot;: 256,\n      &quot;protocol&quot;: 3,\n      &quot;algorithm&quot;: 13,\n      &quot;public_key&quot;: &quot;AwEAAa3d...9QAB&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    }\n  ]\n}<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><br><strong>Cloudflare<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">{\n  &quot;zone_name&quot;: &quot;example.com&quot;,\n  &quot;zone_type&quot;: &quot;full&quot;,\n  &quot;records&quot;: &#091;\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;content&quot;: &quot;192.0.2.10&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600,\n      &quot;proxied&quot;: false\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;AAAA&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;content&quot;: &quot;2001:db8::10&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600,\n      &quot;proxied&quot;: false\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;CNAME&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;www&quot;,\n      &quot;content&quot;: &quot;example.com&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600,\n      &quot;proxied&quot;: false\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;MX&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;content&quot;: &quot;mail.example.com&quot;,\n      &quot;priority&quot;: 10,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;TXT&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;content&quot;: &quot;v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.20 include:_spf.google.com ~all&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;TXT&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;_dmarc&quot;,\n      &quot;content&quot;: &quot;v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; pct=100&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;NS&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;content&quot;: &quot;ns1.example.net&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;NS&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;content&quot;: &quot;ns2.example.net&quot;,\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;SRV&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;_sip._tcp&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;target&quot;: &quot;sipserver.example.com&quot;,\n        &quot;port&quot;: 5060,\n        &quot;priority&quot;: 10,\n        &quot;weight&quot;: 60\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;CAA&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;flags&quot;: 0,\n        &quot;tag&quot;: &quot;issue&quot;,\n        &quot;value&quot;: &quot;letsencrypt.org&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;TLSA&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;_443._tcp&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;usage&quot;: 3,\n        &quot;selector&quot;: 1,\n        &quot;matching_type&quot;: 1,\n        &quot;certificate&quot;: &quot;&lt;hex-of-cert-hash&gt;&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;SSHFP&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;algorithm&quot;: 4,\n        &quot;digest_type&quot;: 2,\n        &quot;fingerprint&quot;: &quot;d6f8...&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;HINFO&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;cpu&quot;: &quot;INTEL&quot;,\n        &quot;os&quot;: &quot;Linux&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;LOC&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;latitude&quot;: &quot;37.7749N&quot;,\n        &quot;longitude&quot;: &quot;122.4194W&quot;,\n        &quot;altitude&quot;: 30\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;RP&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;admin&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;mbox&quot;: &quot;admin.example.com&quot;,\n        &quot;txt&quot;: &quot;Responsible person for the domain&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;NAPTR&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;_sip._tcp&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;order&quot;: 100,\n        &quot;preference&quot;: 10,\n        &quot;flags&quot;: &quot;U&quot;,\n        &quot;service&quot;: &quot;SIP+D2U&quot;,\n        &quot;regexp&quot;: &quot;&quot;,\n        &quot;replacement&quot;: &quot;_sip._udp.example.com&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;DS&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;key_tag&quot;: 12345,\n        &quot;algorithm&quot;: 8,\n        &quot;digest_type&quot;: 2,\n        &quot;digest&quot;: &quot;&lt;hex-digest&gt;&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;DNSKEY&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;flags&quot;: 256,\n        &quot;protocol&quot;: 3,\n        &quot;algorithm&quot;: 8,\n        &quot;public_key&quot;: &quot;&lt;base64-key&gt;&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;RRSIG&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;type_covered&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,\n        &quot;algorithm&quot;: 8,\n        &quot;labels&quot;: 1,\n        &quot;original_ttl&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;signature_expiration&quot;: 1700000000,\n        &quot;signature_inception&quot;: 1690000000,\n        &quot;key_tag&quot;: 12345,\n        &quot;signer_name&quot;: &quot;example.com&quot;,\n        &quot;signature&quot;: &quot;&lt;base64-signature&gt;&quot;\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;type&quot;: &quot;NSEC&quot;,\n      &quot;name&quot;: &quot;@&quot;,\n      &quot;data&quot;: {\n        &quot;next_domain&quot;: &quot;example.net&quot;,\n        &quot;types&quot;: &#091;&quot;A&quot;,&quot;AAAA&quot;,&quot;MX&quot;,&quot;TXT&quot;,&quot;NS&quot;]\n      },\n      &quot;ttl&quot;: 3600\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Route 53:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">{\n  &quot;Comment&quot;: &quot;Full DNS cheat sheet import&quot;,\n  &quot;Changes&quot;: &#091;\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;A&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;192.0.2.10&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;AAAA&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;2001:db8::10&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;www.example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;CNAME&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;example.com&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;MX&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;10 mail.example.com&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;TXT&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;\\&quot;v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.20 include:_spf.google.com ~all\\&quot;&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;_dmarc.example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;TXT&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;\\&quot;v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; pct=100\\&quot;&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;NS&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;\n          {&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;ns1.example.net&quot;},\n          {&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;ns2.example.net&quot;}\n        ]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;_sip._tcp.example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;SRV&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;10 60 5060 sipserver.example.com&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;CAA&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;0 issue \\&quot;letsencrypt.org\\&quot;&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;_443._tcp.example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;TLSA&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;3 1 1 &lt;hex-of-cert-hash&gt;&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;SSHFP&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;4 2 d6f8...&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;HINFO&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;\\&quot;INTEL\\&quot; \\&quot;Linux\\&quot;&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;LOC&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;37.7749N 122.4194W 30m&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;admin.example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;RP&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;admin.example.com Responsible person for the domain&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;_sip._tcp.example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;NAPTR&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;100 10 U SIP+D2U &quot;&quot; _sip._udp.example.com&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;DS&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;12345 8 2 &lt;hex-digest&gt;&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;DNSKEY&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;256 3 8 &lt;base64-key&gt;&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;RRSIG&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;A 8 1 3600 1700000000 1690000000 12345 example.com &lt;base64-signature&gt;&quot;}]\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      &quot;Action&quot;: &quot;CREATE&quot;,\n      &quot;ResourceRecordSet&quot;: {\n        &quot;Name&quot;: &quot;example.com.&quot;,\n        &quot;Type&quot;: &quot;NSEC&quot;,\n        &quot;TTL&quot;: 3600,\n        &quot;ResourceRecords&quot;: &#091;{&quot;Value&quot;: &quot;example.net A AAAA MX TXT NS&quot;}]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439: A, AAAA, CNAME, MX, TXT, NS, SRV, CAA, TLSA, SSHFP, HINFO, LOC, RP, NAPTR, DS, DNSKEY, RRSIG, NSEC. TTL \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u044b. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 ResourceRecords \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 AWS.<br>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 AWS CLI \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code line-numbers\"><code class=\" language-python\" data-line=\"\">aws route53 change-resource-record-sets --hosted-zone-id ZONE_ID --change-batch file:\/\/dns_records.json<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/strong> \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 TTL \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435:<\/strong> \u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">dig<\/code>, <code class=\"\" data-line=\"\">nslookup<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e:<\/strong> \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 SPF, DKIM, DMARC \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b. \u0412\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 CAA \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f DNSSEC \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435:<\/strong> \u0412\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043a-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u043e\u043d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441 DNS.\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441 DNS.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DNS (Domain Name System) \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e &#171;\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430&#187;, \u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, google.com) \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b. \u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 DNS \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"left","neve_meta_author_avatar":"on","neve_post_elements_order":"[\"content\",\"tags\",\"comments\"]","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","_themeisle_gutenberg_block_has_review":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[376,1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3308","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-quick-reference-guides","category-uncategorized"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3308","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3308"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3308\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3308"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3308"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/ru.davidka.net\/ru\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3308"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}